Pat Tillman Hero WorkoutWe remember Patrick Tillman, whose end of watch was 20 years ago today. Tillman was a Arizona Cardinals football player who left the National Football League and enlisted in the United States Army in May 2002. He joined the Army Rangers and served multiple tours in combat before he was killed in the mountains of Afghanistan. He was a recipient of the Silver Star, the third highest honor in the military, and a Purple Heart. Pat is survived by his wife Marie. He is also remembered through the foundation named in his honor.
Founded in 2004, the Pat Tillman Foundation invests in military veterans and their spouses through academic scholarships – building a diverse community of leaders committed to service to others. The scholars chosen show extraordinary academic and leadership potential, a true sense of vocation, and a deep commitment to create positive change through their work in the fields of medicine, law, business, education and the arts. You can learn more about Pat Tillman in the book, Where Men Win Glory, by Jon Krakauer.
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Eat Your Veggies!
All week I have been exploring Low Energy Availability and Optimal Energy Availability. It's important that we eat to support our training. The ideal fuel for training requires protein and carbohydrates and fat. Carbohydrates have been demonized for far too long. Do you know what are the best sources of carbs? Fruits and veggies! That's one of the reasons I promote the 800g way of eating. Getting most of your carbs from fruits and veggies, rather than processed carbs is a game changer! Everyone needs to eat more veggies! Check out this post below from Dr. Stacy Sims on the importance of carbs in preventing LEA and fueling your training.
To help you eat ALL of the wonderful fruits and vegetables roast them on a sheet pan. Sheet pan meal prep is SO EASY and is a great way to eat the rainbow. Roast up a giant mix of potatoes, sweet potatoes, beets, broccoli, cauliflower and eat will some delicious grilled protein and you've got an easy weeknight dinner. Prep it all on Sunday and you've got lunch for the week.
Female Hormones and Body Composition
All this week I have been exploring how much to eat to support our training. By far, the most common question I get during our quarterly check-ins is, "How much should I eat?" Most of us have a goal to control our body composition so that we maximize our lean mass and keep our body fat percentage below a specific level.
Many, many of us have a weight loss goal. I understand and respect our desire to have a healthy weight. I also want to stress that it might be more important to track our lean mass rather than our body weight. Our body is amazing and the skin, muscle, bones, organs and body fat all play a vitally important role in our homeostasis. Lean mass influences our metabolism and body fat influences our endocrine system, aka hormones. This is why body fat percentages above 30% for men and women younger than 50 are a concern. Body fat is hormonally active and the more we have of it the more it impacts our insulin, cortisol, and other hormone regulation. Drop it below 30% and you reduce the risk of most metabolic diseases. Lean mass, notably, muscle, is metabolically active. The more we have the better we are able to stave off many diseases of aging (osteoporosis and sarcopenia, and to some extent diabetes and metabolic X syndrome.) You can ameliorate many of the health risks of high body weight by have more lean mass and lower body fat. That's why your body composition (lean mass and body fat) matter much more than your body weight. Remember, I can calculate your lean mass at your check-in or you can get it tested on campus. For us women, our hormones, during puberty, reproductive years, and the menopause transition can give us all kinds of challenges. This is especially true if we are athletes, which all of you at the gym are:) That's why I'm sharing this excellent and short podcast from Wild Health featuring Dr. Carla DiGirolamo the lead instructor of my Menopause continuing education course that I just finished. She provides an excellent synopsis of how our hormones impact body composition through all the phases of our hormonal journey. No matter where you are in your life, puberty, reproductive years, our menopause transition you will definitely learn something from Dr. DiGirolamo. Click on the link below to listen or go here. In this episode, Dr. Mike Stone and Dr. Carla DiGirolamo, board-certified Reproductive Endocrinologists who specialize in all aspects of fertility care, will be discussing a topic that is of utmost importance to many women - weight management and its relationship to female hormones. Optimum Energy AvailabilityYesterday I explored Low Energy Availability, LEA, a condition that impacts about 47% of female athletes in their 20s & 30s. It is an emerging concern amongst peri- and post-menopausal women (active women over 40) as there is increasing trend amongst our active aging population to not eat enough. Low energy availability can be particularly insidious among perimenopausal women because the signs, which include menstrual cycle disruption, brain fog, muscle loss, decreased bone density, increased risk of injuries, and/or not responding to training as you used to can be confused with some of the issues that can arise during the menopause transition. Men are not exempt! As I explored yesterday, active men can slip into LEA when their optimal energy falls below 25 kcal/kg of lean mass. For us active women, our threshold is higher at 30 kcal/kg of lean mass. Yesterday I shared how to calculate your ideal calories to prevent LEA. Today we'll explore how to tell if your current nutrition program can support your training load and prevent LEA. Remember we need to know our lean mass (also called fat free mass or FFM) in kilograms (kg.) Today we'll also use our wearable tech such as Whoop, Garmin, FitBit, Oura or Apple watch to determine our active calories. Here's a visual of where we're headed. To determine if your current nutrition program supports your training program you first need to track your food. You can use the Macros tracker in BTWB or other apps like My Fitness Pal, Carbon and others. Once you have tracked your food for about 7 days you'll have enough data to get a solid average of the calories you eat. Second, we need to calculate how many calories we burn during our training session. Your wearable tech will give you a pretty good estimate. None of our fitness trackers are 100% accurate, and that's ok. We're looking for trends. Go back through a typical week and add up all the calories you burn during exercise and divide by 7. Now we're going to use the calories you eat, the calories you burn and your fat free mass to see if you're in LEA. Remember, one day of LEA is fine, but CHRONIC LEA is what we want to avoid. Our bodies are resilient and can bounce back. But, I'd rather not see you go there in the first place. Here is our equation. Let's do the math! As an example I'll use my data from January when I thought I needed to be on dietary cut but was feeling SO DAMN TIRED and I just didn't want to train. (This is a HUGE red flag! Fatigue and lack of motivation to exercise are classic LEA symptoms). My daily caloric intake averaged 1745 kcals. My average daily exercise energy expenditure (using my Whoop and getting an average for the same week) was 300 kcals on training days. My fat free mass is 61 kg. Using our Optimal Energy Availability equation my daily average was 23.6. No wonder I was SO DAMN TIRED! Doing the math can be very helpful. However, I also want you to be very aware of how you FEEL. Your feelings are always true and can be signals that something is not quite right. My feelings of fatigue and lack of training motivation were the impetus for me to enroll in the Active Menopause continuing education course I just completed. Sometimes even the Coach needs a Coach:) We are athletes, we need to eat to support our training, and I'm here to help you. Diet culture is a million dollar business and not all recommendations are applicable to our active aging population. As I learned in my CE course: Women have been indoctrinated with the 1,200-calorie-a-day diet. It’s just part of the ocean of diet culture we all swim in. Countless articles, books, and diet platforms, including Noom, Weight Watchers, and even the NIH promote 1,200 to 1,500-calorie diets for women. That sets the stage for chronic LEA for active women. If you would like help determining your Macros, optimal energy, and anything else related to eating to support your training, please book a check-in with me.
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